Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Caching policies over unreliable channels

Recently, there has been substantial progress in the formal understanding of how caching resources should be allocated when multiple caches each deploy the common LRU policy. Nonetheless, the role played by caching policies beyond LRU in a networked setting where content may be replicated across multiple caches and where channels are unreliable is still poorly understood. In this paper, we investigate this issue by first analyzing the cache miss rate in a system with two caches of unit size each, for the LRU, and the LFU caching policies, and their combination. Our analytical results show that joint use of the two policies outperforms LRU, while LFU outperforms all these policies whenever resource pooling is not optimal. We provide empirical results with larger caches to show that simple alternative policies, such as LFU, provide superior performance compared to LRU even if the space allocation is not fine tuned. We envision that fine tuning the cache space used by such policies may lead to promising additional gains.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Levantamento das Estruturas Organizacionais em Organizaçoes Autônomas Descentralizadas Baseadas em Blockchain

As Organizações Autônomas Descentralizadas Baseadas em Blockchain (Blockchain-Based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations-BCDAO) são sistemas que realizam tomadas de decisões visando a segurança. A estrutura organizacional é um aspecto que pode contribuir para a eficiência (eg, reduzindo gastos redundantes de recursos, esforços e tempo), no entanto, este aspecto não é explicito no desenvolvimento de BCDAO. Neste estudo é apresentado um levantamento das estruturas organizacionais baseadas na literatura de Sistema Multiagente (Multiagent System-MAS) BCDAO, que incluem hierarquia, holarquia, sociedade e mercados. O estudo descreve cada uma das estruturas organizacionais e como elas são empregadas em BCDAO, com o intuito de facilitar a avaliação comparativa de estilos organizacionais. Com isso, objetiva-se permitir a projetistas conhecer o espectro de possibilidades atual e, então, guiar a seleção de uma estrutura organizacional apropriada para um domínio de aplicação particular.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Seleção de características por clusterização para melhorar a detecção de ataques de rede

Sistemas de Detecção de Intrusão (IDSs) baseados em aprendizado de máquina (AM) vêm sendo amplamente utilizados para detectar tráfego malicioso e ataques às redes. Entretanto, essas abordagens ainda apresentam grandes dificuldades para detectar os diferentes tipos de ataques que vêm se aprimorando. Neste contexto, dentre os passos requeridos para uma avaliação baseada em AM, a seleção de características tem grande importância para propiciar maior eficiência na detecção de anomalias e ataques de rede, sendo ainda um problema em aberto. Este artigo propõe uma abordagem que realiza a seleção de características baseada em clusters para melhorar a detecção de ataques e tráfegos anômalos na rede. A proposta cria também um ranque com as características de tráfego que mais contribuíram para o incremento nos acertos dos algoritmos. Os resultados mostraram um desempenho superior às demais propostas avaliadas para cinco diferentes tipos de ataques, considerando a métrica F1 score.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

vsdnemul: Emulando de redes definidas por softwares através de contêineres docker

O maior desafio no desenvolvimento de emuladores de redes SDN é torná-los mais realistas, versáteis e abertos. Além disso, eles também devem oferecer aplicações reais em seus experimentos, porém, devido à complexidade de integrá-las ao emulador, estas características nem sempre são desenvolvidas. Para oferecer uma solução mais diversificada e flexível que as atuais (ex. Mininet ou vEmulab), este artigo apresenta o vSDNEmul, um emulador de redes SDN onde os nós são baseados em contêineres Docker.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Padroes de Projetos para Organizaçoes de Contratos Inteligentes

Atualmente diferentes campos estão utilizando blockchain e contratos inteligentes para prover segurança aos sistemas. Esses sistemas podem utilizar múltiplos contratos inteligentes que se coordenam e cooperam entre si para alcançar seus objetivos, ou seja, formam uma organização de contratos inteligentes (Smart Contracts Organization-SCO). Portanto, esse estudo apresenta padrões de projetos de diferentes estruturas organizacionais baseadas na literatura de Sistema Multiagente (Multiagent System-MAS) e na de SCO, que incluem hierarquia, holarquia, sociedade e mercado. Os padrões de projetos são descritos, os sistemas que os apresentam são expostos e uma forma de avaliação e validação é proposta.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Modelo de Otimização de Alocação de Recursos em LoRaWAN para Aplicações de Internet das Coisas

O LoRaWAN é a tecnologia sem fio de longo alcance mais utilizada para aplicações de Internet das Coisas (IoT) que trabalham com alta densidade, pois é capaz de conectar dispositivos que requerem serviços de comunicação de longo alcance, baixo custo e menor consumo de energia. Contudo, a densificação do uso de LoRaWAN em serviços IoT traz uma série de desafios devido a interferência por transmissão simultânea no mesmo canal e/ou maior consumo de energia pelos dispositivos. Nesse contexto, é crucial entender os conceitos de alocação de recursos do LoRaWAN para otimizar a configuração de parâmetros específicos do rádio, ie, Fator de Espalhamento (SF) e Frequência de portadora (CF), em que a otimização dos parâmetros de transmissão via modelos de otimização é um desafio em aberto. Este artigo apresenta o MARCO, um modelo de otimização de alocação de recursos para minimizar a Qualidade de Serviço (QoS) do LoRaWAN para aplicações de IoT, além de contribuir para a melhora da eficiência enérgica dos dispositivos. O MARCO considera uma programação linear inteira mista para definir as configurações ideais dos parâmetros SF e CF, bem como especificações de trafego da rede como um todo. Resultados de simulação demonstram a eficiência em termos de taxa de extração de dados, número de colisões e consumo de energia do MARCO em comparação com as heurísticas de alocação de recursos para LoRaWAN existentes.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

An efficient heuristic LoRaWAN adaptive resource allocation for IoT applications

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) enables flexible long-range communication with low power consumption and low-cost design perspectives. However, the adoption of this technology brings new challenges due to the densification of IoT devices, which causes signal interference and affects the QoS directly. On the other hand, the flexibility in the LoRaWAN transmission configurations allows higher management in the use of end-device parameters, which allows better resource utilization and improves network scalability. This paper proposes an adaptive solution to handle the define best LoRaWAN parameter settings to reduce the channel utilization and, consequently, maximize the number of packets delivered. Additionally, to validate our method, we formulated mixed-Integer linear programming and results compared to those given by the heuristics. Results provided by the heuristic are close to those provided by the MILP.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

An Online Quantitative Measure of Density for Low-Power IoT Networks

Low-Power Internet-of-Things (LPIoT) networks are formed by a massive number of power-constrained devices that use short-range wireless technologies to communicate. In the next years, the density of LPIoT networks tends to grow due to the low price of the IoT devices and the popularity of the IoT applications, which includes smart-home, building-monitoring, and smart-cities. Despite being a critical feature, often it is not clear how network density can be expressed in quantifiable terms. This letter proposes DENSity indeX (DENX), which is a measure for the density of LPIoT networks. DENX has been designed, implemented, and evaluated as an IoT platform tool to provide an online and fine-grained measure of density.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Ipsflow–uma proposta de sistema de prevençao de intrusao baseado no framework openflow

The ideal Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) is the one that detects malicious traffic across the network and blocks it at its source. Conventional IPSs do not meet these requirements satisfactorily, because when operating in active mode cannot have a wide coverage on the network and just block the passing traffic. And while catching mirrored traffic, it can only block it when working together with switches from the same solution or vendor. In this scenario, this paper presents IPSFlow, an IPS solution for selective and distributed capture with automated blocking of malicious traffic based on OpenFlow.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

A mobile qoe architecture for heterogeneous multimedia wireless networks

One of the main requirements in this emerging wireless multimedia era is the Quality of Experience (QoE) assurance for 2D or 3D video applications in heterogeneous multi-operator environments. Therefore, this paper proposes a QoE Architecture for Heterogeneous Multimedia Wireless Networks, called QoEHand. QoEHand extends the Media Independent Handover (MIH)/IEEE 802.21 proposal with QoEawareness, seamless mobility, dynamic class of service mapping and a set of content adaptation schemes. The proposed solution allows the best connection and considers the QoE needs of mobile clients and available wireless resources in IEEE 802.11e and IEEE 802.16e service classes. Simulation experiments were carried out to show the impact and benefits of QoEHand on the user´s perception, by using objective and subjective QoE metrics.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Real-time QoE prediction for multimedia applications in wireless mesh networks

As Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are being increasingly deployed, there is an increasing demand for new quality assessment mechanisms that allow service operators to evaluate and optimize the utilization of network resources, while ensuring a good quality level on multimedia applications as perceived by end-users. However, existing real-time assessment schemes for WMNs are not capable of capturing the actual quality of received multimedia content with regard to user perception. Therefore, it is not possible to assure the user experience of content services. To address this problem, this paper introduces the Hybrid Quality of Experience (HyQoE) Prediction, which is a quality estimator specially designed to assess realtime multimedia applications. HyQoE is designed based on the framework of the widely used Pseudo-Subjective Quality Assessment (PSQA) Tool which exploits Random Neural Network (RNN). Crucial extension work has been implemented to achieve our objectives. A performance evaluation verifies the effectiveness and advantages of HyQoE in predicting users’ perception of multimedia content in WMNs over existing subjective and hybrid methods.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

A proposal management of the legacy network environment using OpenFlow control plane

The Future Internet will arise from the convergence of new network concepts and combine technologies, services, media and content. It will offer flexibility and diversity with scalable content and services that are accessible through a wide range of interfaces and devices. However, the biggest challenge now is how to enable and test the proposed approaches so that they can be validated without sacrificing the current production infrastructure. The OpenFlow protocol allows production networking environments such as campus networks, metropolitan networks or R&D networks, to be used as experimental infrastructure hosting, future Internet architectures, software and protocols, in parallel with the production traffic. During rollout, there is a practical problem that arises with Legacy networks that do not support OpenFlow and need to be replaced/upgraded or refined by means of costly network re-engineering. This paper proposes a new OpenFlow architecture with new components, capable of managing Legacynon-OpenFlow elements by offering a new solution that facilitates the management of Legacy technologies and allows them to be employed in FI experimentation environment and increase the number of experiment with the Legacy Network Environment using OpenFlow control.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Video quality estimator for wireless mesh networks

As Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have been increasingly deployed, where users can share, create and access videos with different characteristics, the need for new quality estimator mechanisms has become important because operators want to control the quality of video delivery and optimize their network resources, while increasing the user satisfaction. However, the development of in-service Quality of Experience (QoE) estimation schemes for Internet videos (e.g., real-time streaming and gaming) with different complexities, motions, Group of Picture (GoP) sizes and contents remains a significant challenge and is crucial for the success of wireless multimedia systems. To address this challenge, we propose a real-time quality estimator approach, HyQoE, for real-time multimedia applications. The performance evaluation in a WMN scenario demonstrates the high accuracy of HyQoE in estimating the Mean Opinion Score (MOS). Moreover, the results highlight the lack of performance of the well-known objective methods and the Pseudo-Subjective Quality Assessment (PSQA) approach.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

FHDRA: Uma Proposta para Reduçao da Latência de Handoff Layer-3 em Redes Sem Fio de Multiplos Saltos

Nos últimos anos houve expressivo esforço em prol de soluções de mobilidade para redes sem fio tradicionais, tais como redes de celulares e IEEE 802.11. Outro tipo de rede sem fio que vem se destacando mais recentemente são as redes de múltiplos saltos. Porém a questão da mobilidade neste tipo de rede não é uma simples extensão das redes sem fio tradicionais. Assim, são necessárias soluções específicas de mobilidade que atendam os requisitos dessas novas redes. Visando este objetivo, o presente trabalho propõe uma adaptação ao DHCP, voltado para redes sem fio de múltiplos saltos. A proposta agrega inteligência ao agente DHCP relay, tornando-o capaz de acelerar o processo de configuração de endereço IP aos clientes móveis durante o handoff.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

IPSFlow–uma proposta de IPS distribuído para captura e bloqueio seletivo de tráfego malicioso em redes definidas por software

Os tradicionais sistemas de prevenção de intrusão (Intrusion Prevention Systems–IPS) possuem limitações em sua atuação. Quando operam no modo ativo, não possuem uma ampla cobertura na rede, e quando capturam tráfego espelhado, só bloqueiam o tráfego malicioso se atuarem em conjunto com equipamentos de rede do mesmo fabricante ou solução. Neste contexto, propomos neste artigo o IPSFlow, um framework de IPS para Redes Definidas por Software (Software Defined Networks-SDN) que, através do protocolo Openflow, possibilita a criação de um IPS com ampla cobertura na rede, permitindo a captura seletiva e o bloqueio automatizado de tráfego malicioso o mais próximo de sua origem, através da combinação dos resultados de diferentes técnicas de análise de tráfego.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

A parametric QoE video quality estimator for Wireless Networks

The development of real-time quality estimator schemes for emerging Internet videos with different content types remains a significant challenge and is crucial for the success of wireless multimedia systems. However, currently in-service assessment schemes fail in capturing subjective aspects of multimedia content related to the user perception. Therefore, this paper proposes an on-the-fly parametric video quality estimator approach (called MultiQoE) for real-time video streaming applications. Experiments in a Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) scenario were carried out to show the accuracy, benefit, and impact of MultiQoE compared to widely used Quality of Experience (QoE) subjective, objective and parametric methods.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

A hybrid prediction and assessment quality of experience approach for videostreaming applications over wireless mesh networks

As Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have been increasingly deployed, the need of new quality measurement schemes became essential since operators want to control and optimize their network resources, while keeping users of multimedia applications with a good quality level. However, currently WMN in-service assessment schemes fails in capturing subjective aspects of real-time multimedia content related to the user perception. Therefore, this paper proposes a new on-the-fly quality estimator approach, called Hybrid Quality of Experience (HyQoE) Prediction, for real-time videostreaming applications. Moreover, performance evaluation results present the benefits and accuracy of HyQoE in predicting the user perception compared to well-know subjective and objective methods in a WMN scenario.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Mecanismo para aprovisionamento dinâmico e escalável em redes em malha sem fio para suporte de aplicações com alta demanda de recursos

The success of mobile and ubiquitous computing, coupled with the increasing demand for applications with high Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements, has brought great challenges to the future access networks. Thus, wireless mesh networks distinguish due to its flexibility, redundancy, low-cost and broadband capacity. However, aspects as scalability, availability and reliability, are still challenging. Following the limitations of existing proposals, this paper proposes the Multi-Service Resource Allocation in Wireless Mesh Networks (MIRA-WMN) for provisioning resources of wireless mesh networks compliant with IEEE 802.11 e/s standard. The MIRA-WMN proposes a single solution to integrate QoS control and connectivity resources to support multi-user sessions with high requirements. The MIRA-WMN was evaluated by simulations, which demonstrated its benefits in the data and control plane, as well as user’s perception.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Legacyflow: Bringing openflow to legacy network environments

The OpenFlow protocol allows production networking environments such as campus networks, metropolitan networks or R&D networks, to be used as experimental infrastructure hosting, future internet architectures, softwares and protocols, in isolation to the production traffic. During rollout, one practical problem arises with legacy switches that do not support the OpenFlow protocol and need to be replaced/upgraded or worked around by means of costly network re-engineering. This poster proposes a new OpenFlow datapath, which is able to interact with non OpenFlow legacy equipment, creating a new approach to hybrid OpenFlow networks.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Pesquisa experimental para a internet do futuro: Uma proposta utilizando virtualização e o frame-work openflow

A Internet é um enorme sucesso mundial e vem mudando a forma como interagimos, trabalhamos e nos divertimos. Boa parte deste sucesso se deve à grande flexibilidade da tecnologia IP. Apesar de todo o sucesso da Internet, a tecnologia básica IP é a causa das suas próprias limitações que se tornam cada vez mais evidentes. Um dos principais objetivos da atividade conhecida como Internet do Futuro (IF) é a formulação e avaliação de arquiteturas alternativas para substituir o protocolo IP. Nesse contexto, duas abordagens estão sendo discutidas e investigadas: a primeira denominada limpa (Clean Slate), que visa substituir a arquitetura atual por uma nova totalmente reconstruída, e a outra chamada evolucionária (Evolutionary) que pretende evoluir a arquitetura atual sem perder a compatibilidade com a anterior.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

ETXMULT: A routing metric for multimedia applications in wireless mesh networks

In a near future, wireless mesh networks (WMNs) and multimedia content will be abundant technologies/applications in the Internet. Hence, in order to keep and attract new customers, as well as, reduce operational costs, the development of new quality level control schemes are needed and it is one of the key requirements for the success of next generation wireless multimedia systems. With this goal in mind, this paper presents a new routing metric with focused on estimation error on wireless links, named ETXMULT (Expected Transmission Count for Multimedia Content), to assure high-quality paths on multi-hop wireless networks for multimedia traffic. Simulations were carried out, by using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), to demonstrate the behavior and benefits of the proposed metric with Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) routing protocol. The results presented improvements in the distribution of multimedia content compared to the original Expected Transmission Count (ETX) metric, by analyzing well-know QoS and QoE metrics.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

A multimedia-based fuzzy queue-aware routing approach for wireless mesh networks

The proliferation of multimedia content and Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are changing the Internet facilities and life style of fixed and mobile users. For the success of the next generation wireless networks, novel multimedia approaches with quality level assurance are required to allow the distribution of video-streaming, video conference, gaming, multimedia social networking, green multimedia content and other entrainment applications for thousand of users in ubiquitous wireless (mesh) systems. In this context, new routing schemes are needed to provide end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) support for delay/loss/jitter-sensitive multimedia applications in WMNs. The well-known OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) protocol with ETX (Expected Transmission Count) metric bring many benefits for the path selection process, but present a drawback in the queue availability management and reduce the system performance. Therefore, multimedia-related packets will suffer with loss/delay/jitter and the system overall performance will decrease. This paper proposes the Queue-based OLSR ETX (QoETX) approach to overcome the limitations of OLSR-ETX regarding queue availability by using a cross-layer scheme and supporting QoS and QoE assurance. QoETX optimizes network and user-based parameters by coordinating queue availability, QoS and fuzzy issues in the routing decision process as a way to allocate the best paths for multimedia applications. In order to present the benefits of the proposed solution compared with existing routing schemes, namely OLSR-ETX, OLSR-FLC, OLSR-MD and HWMP (IEEE 802.11s standard), regarding QoS (block probability and throughput) and QoE (PSNR, SSIM, VQM and MOS) parameters, performance evaluations were carried by using the Network Simulator (NS-2.34).

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Abaré: Um framework para implantação, monitoramento e gerenciamento coordenado e autônomo para redes em malha sem fio

The Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have been gaining ground as a solution to provide last mile indoors and outdoors Internet access, because of their technical and economic feasibility. However, the existence of open source and proprietary approaches that are not interoperable and the delay in the standardization process make deployment of a large-scale WMN timeconsuming and complex. This paper presents an extension of the framework Abaré with autonomic capability and performance evaluation results regarding load balance issues. Abaré defines a set of components and practices in order to optimize the implementation and management of WMN systems, as well as to provide autonomic features in routers to decrease and facilitate the manager workload.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Performance analysis of Ethernet passive optical networks with high load through a hybrid analytical/simulated model

This paper presents a hybrid analytical/simulated model to analyze the performance of upstream flows in Ethernet Optical Passive Networks (EPON) based on frame’s total delay. The modeling was done using Stochastic Colored Petri Networks (SCPN), from where the average queue size is obtained. Then, this average is used to analytically obtain the total delay. An improvement in the scheduling strategy based on weights of classes of traffic (CoS) is also proposed so as not to penalize too much the best-effort (BE) class type.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Provisionamento Automático de Conexões Determinísticas para Redes GOBS

This paper proposes an architecture for the automatic establishment of connections that match the performance constraints for grid applications. This architecture is based on optical burst switching and on the utilization of protocols with traffic engineering functionalities. It propose an element called GOBS (Grid Optical Burst Switching) Server that stores and collects information about grid metrics and network resources and helps in the calculation of deterministic routes. Simulations show that the proposal is able to minimize the burst blocking, thus guaranteeing the established service levels, and it allowing better utilization of the grid and network resources.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

A multiple-metric approach for routing in wireless mesh networks

We present a multiple-metric approach in order to improve routing in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). It is based on the proactive Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol to deal with applications with high Quality of Service (QoS) demands. Since routing with multiple metrics is an NPcomplete problem, we use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Pruning techniques to perform such routing. The proposal, dubbed here OLSR-MM (Multiple-Metric), offers the best available routes based on the considered metrics and is evaluated on Network Simulator 2.31.

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Reactive Management of Quality of Service in Multimedia OBS Networks Based on GMPLS

This paper presents a proposal for dynamic control of Quality of Service (QoS) in optical networks based on optical burst switching (OBS) using a GMPLS control plane. In this proposal, monitoring agents are used to verify the QoS experienced by the burst classes and to deploy reactive mechanisms in order to guarantee absolute performance levels. Using GMPLS traffic engineering, these agents also offer idle resources to traffic flows whose service level is not being achieved. Simulation results show that the proposal can minimize the blocking probability when there are violations of burst flow parameters.

Artigos de Conferência, Publicação

Abare: A Deployment and Management Framework for Wireless Mesh Network

The adoption of wireless mesh networks as a solution for access networks in indoor and outdoor environments is considered by the academic community and industry as a good alternative for Internet access due to their economic and technical feasibility. However, the existence of proprietary and opensource solutions that are not interoperable and the delay in the standardization makes the deployment of wide scale wireless mesh networks a time consuming task and it may come along with some security problems. In this paper, we propose Abare, a framework which defines a set of components and steps to aid in the deployment and administration of mesh networks since its inception.